Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essays (2345 words) - RTT, Embryology

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects is a problem running rampant and out of control all across America. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the effect of pregnant women-drinking alcohol. Through education, we can eradicate this expensive and debilitating disease that is plaguing our children and our country. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was first diagnosed about 25 years ago. A group of doctors at the University of Washington in Seattle corned the term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in 1973 (Dorris 143). Prior to this Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects children were misdiagnosed as problem children or Learning Disabled. Some were mistaken for bad kids and sent to homes for juvenile delinquents. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a grouping of defects that may occur in infants born to women who drink alcohol during pregnancy. Amy Nevitt states, FAS, the leading cause of retardation in the west affects more than 8000 babies in the United States every year. FAS is a birth defect caused by a woman's consumption of alcohol while she is pregnant. FAS is one hundred percent preventable, however, because of their mother's decision to drink alcohol during pregnancy, none of the thousands of affected babies had a chance to be born normal (13). As stated by the British Columbia Fetal Alcohol Community Action Guide (B.C. FAS), ?Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition affecting some children born to women who drank heavily during pregnancy? (7). Fetal Alcohol Effects is a term used to describe Partial FAS. The B.C. FAS says the new term for describing FAE effects is Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD)(9). FAE is best described by the B.C. FAS who says, ?FAE has been used to imply a ?milder' form of FAS, but the cognitive and behavioral problems described by FAE (now partial FAS and ARND) can be very debilitating, causing life long disability which is not ?mild' or insignificant? (8). As written in the B.C. FAS booklet: ?Partial FAS is the recommended term used to describe the cluster of problems facing those, who have: [SIC] evidence of some of the characteristic facial abnormalities associated with FAS [,] evidence of one other component of FAS, i.e. growth deficiency or brain damage, including behavioural and cognitive problems when it is known that there was significant exposure to alcohol in utero?. (8) We ask ourselves what causes Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects! Amy Nevitt articulates, ?Alcohol is a teratogenic drug. This means that it can cause birth defects? (15). The more information we have about alcohol and its effects the sooner we can help stop this debilitating disease. Lyn Weiner and Barbara A. Morse declares: Ethanol has the potential to cause a greater variety of metabolic and physiologic disturbances of fetal development than any other commonly ingested substance. The clinical and experimental literature provides an ever-increasing understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol's adverse effects on fetal development. Effects vary with each gestational stage. Alcohol consumption throughout pregnancy is associated with the most severe outcome. The demonstrated benefits when heavy drinking ceases reinforces the value of providing supportive therapy to women at risk. The prenatal setting is an important site for prevention of alcohol-related birth defects. Identification and treatment of problem drinking pregnant women holds the greatest promise for the prevention of alcohol-related birth defects. (145) As stated by Weiner and Morse, through experimental studies clinical observations have shown ?structural growth and behavioral defects in association with maternal ethanol exposure?. The consumption of alcohol has since been widely acknowledged to be a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome (126-27). Drinking when pregnant causes damage to the fetus. According to Nevitt, ?The amount of damage depends on the frequency, quantity, and timing of the mother's alcohol consumption? (18). The facts of how many pregnant women who drink while pregnant, according to Nevitt is, ? About 16 percent of pregnant women drink enough alcohol to be at risk for bearing children with some negative effects (13). It is unclear how much alcohol consumption a pregnant woman can or can not drink during pregnancy (Nevitt 17,18). The best thing is to abstain from drinking any alcoholic beverages while pregnant. Signs of FAS include low birth weight and an abnormally small head; facial deformities such as small and narrow or very

Aegean island of Chios Essays

Aegean island of Chios Essays Aegean island of Chios Essay Aegean island of Chios Essay Introduction In the undermentioned pages I am traveling to show a instance survey refering the Aegean island of Chios, in relation to the statements made alonside this survey. This peculiar instance survey is suited for the presentation and scrutiny of the current state of affairss every bit good as development proposals and development of the island from a tourer company or a tourer developer point of position. Description OF THE ISLAND The island of Chios covers an country of 342 square kilometres and has a population of about 60,000, a denseness of 62.35 dwellers per square kilometer. ( The corresponding figure for the state as a whole is 66.5 dwellers per kilometer ) . Administratively, Chios is composed of a individual state ( state of Nomos of Chios ) and includes one metropolis, three towns, 50 five small towns and 101 crossroadss. Lush green fragrant Khioss, besides known as the mastic island, has much to offer to the traveler. It is likely Homer s place of birth, and it has an huge naval and rational tradition. It was inhabited since the Neolithic epoch, has known consecutive vanquishers, was devastated by plagiarist onslaughts during the Byzantine old ages, and after a short period of Enetian domination it came under the Genoan commercial company Maona ( for two centuries ) . It paid a high monetary value during the Grecian Revolution, with the population slaughter ( 1822 ) , despite the fact that the ChioS did nt take part ab initio in the rebellion, since they enjoyed particular privileges given to them by the Turks due to the mastic production. In the South of Chios the mastic mastic has been cultivated for centuries ; the bantam tree that after being pinched by the locals, responds with cryings , offering its premium of cherished rosin. Mastic, which is an sole Chios merchandise, has been cultivated on the island since the first century A.D. and tradition has it that the lentisc started rupturing down when the Saint Isidor was tortured and martyred here by the Romans ( 250 A.D. ) . All the plants in respects to the tree, the rosin aggregation and its uncluttering down, are manual labor. PRESENT TOURIST SITUATION OF CHIOS Tourism in Chios is non developed in comparing with the rest.of the Eastern Aegean Islands. Chios occupies merely 6 % of the entire figure of tourers with Dodecanese ( Rhodes, Kos, etc. ) , 76 % , Samos 10 % and Lesbos 8 % . It has been felt that touristry can play an of import function in the economic life of the island, after the diminution of the transportation industry. Chios has non developed touristry, chiefly because of the two following grounds: foremost, the tierce of the male population used to work on the ships and secondly, the ship proprietors wanted the island much to them ­selves and the dwellers to be employed mostly by them. From the old analysis we can see that touristry developed really quickly over the last few old ages in Greece and that in some topographic points, the sequences of that development had negative effects, altering the societal, economic and environmental balances. Subsequently, the alone character of topographic points was lost and it became similar to other tourer resorts around the universe. So, in a sense, Chios is lucky because has the chance to analyze different tourer development undertakings and signifiers of Tourism and can work the experiences of the other topographic points to its benefit. S.W.O.T ANLYSIS We have so far presented the basic features of Chios. Those features allow us now to continue with the island s SWOT analysis: STREGTHS The civilization and history of Chios of import archeological sites and memorials The life traditions of the island The natural environment of Chios clean seas Tourism in Chios has most expressed features of alternate signifiers of touristry. Large figure of commercial stores and supermarket. Short distance to Turkey ( 1/2 hr to Chesme and 11/2 hr to the 3rd biggest metropolis Ismir ) Quality agricultural green goods Dynamic local industrial companies of rural agricultural merchandises ( citrous fruit fruits, mastic gum, herds and spices e.t.c ) . The long naval tradition. Technical support from the University of the Aegean ( Business School ) which is based in Chios. Failing Lack of Tourist civilization, a development and selling scheme Small tourer period ( 4 to 5 months ) Low degree of tourer modernisation. Large figure of comparatively little tourer endeavors. Lack of specialized employment. Absence of tourer investings Control of the local tourer market from large circuit operators. Relatively little haven and airdrome Opportunity Low tourer activity could be the island s biggest chance for development. Evidence from topographic points with high tourer entreaty like Rhodes, Corfu, Paros, Kos, etc. , already demo environmental and cultural jobs, overcrowding, pollution, e.t.c, sometimes irreversible. Sustainable touristry development that will take to the uninterrupted, parallel and balanced development of all the sectors of the local economic system and esteem the cultural features of the country to the benefit of both locals and tourers. Development of altrnative signifiers of Tourism such as agrotourism local touristry, cultural touristry, ecological touristry, sea and H2O touristry e.tc. The stimulation of local trades and other local popular art which would hold a larger patronage and more agencies of support Encourage investings Incentives to change over traditional edifice into tourer adjustment. Joint tourer undertakings with neighbour Turkey Menace Uncontrolled Tourist development and growing. Unilateral growing of touristry. Ccultural and societal change Damage of the environment Intensity of competition. from states such as Turkey which is expected to accomplish good public presentation in the coming old ages The uncertainness about the future developments of the universe fiscal and economic crisis, makes anticipations on the Greek travel and touristry industry during the forecast period peculiarly hard. Decision An of import measure in strategic planning is to measure concerns and demands of assorted sectors of the local community ( different age groups, the concern sector, the educational and societal services sector, and so on ) and to measure all the elements related to touristry and other options for economic development and environmental preservation in Chios

Final Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final - Coursework Example In order to determine the feasibility of a project and to allow for comparisons between those that are mutually exclusive several very useful and highly recognised techniques are available. They include: I. Net present value (NPV) II. Internal rate of return (IRR) III. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR); and IV. Simple payback There are three (3) machines that the firm is considering as an investment. They are the Alumier which it currently uses; Big EZ and Cial. The objective of evaluating these investments is to determine which would be more beneficial to the firm. Evaluating Capital Budgeting Tools The NPV, IRR, ARR and simple payback. The advantages and disadvantages of using these methods are noted weaknesses and the relevant calculations to aid in the decision process are noted. Net Present Value (NPV) The net present value takes the time value of money into account and so the cash flows are discounted over the useful life of the asset. A NPV of zero means that the cash flow from the project would be sufficient to repay the initial investment only but would not contribute anything extra. A NPV that is less than zero (negative) would indicate that the funds generated from the project cannot generate sufficient funds to repay the initial investment and therefore should not be undertaken. On the other hand a positive NPV indicates that the project would be able to repay the initial investment and also allow some returns to shareholders (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2005). A positive NPV therefore means that the project under consideration is a worthwhile investment and should be undertaken. This method is very popular but has a number of shortcomings. Titman et al (2011) indicates that in case of capital rationing the NPV is not the deal method as choosing the projects with the highest profitability but not the highest NPV overall when compared to a number of smaller projects. Additionally some of the budget may be left unused. The formula for calculating the NPV is: N PV = CF0 + ((CF1/(1 +

Ethics and Moral Issues in Nursing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics and Moral Issues in Nursing - Term Paper Example They also possess different roles and responsibilities in the organizations that confront them with ethical and moral issues such as decision making, relating with their colleagues, giving alternative healthcare to the patients, handling varying patient’s needs and issues of cross cultural and personal beliefs (Daly et.al 2005). These issues affect their performance and quality of service they offer patients in their organizations. Ethical and moral issues in nursing Inexperience and lack of confidence Nurses undergo various stages in their career training and work performance (Daly et.al 2005). During their training, nursing students undergo rigorous training in order to acquire general theoretical and practical knowledge that they will require to apply in their work. During the training, nursing students are taught on how to handle clients with different issues during in their work environment. The level of training and knowledge students acquire gives them confidence and co urage to get out and attend their clients. After securing jobs, the graduate nurses face numerous challenges due to inexperience and great anticipations of the patients and employers. Normally experienced nurses are supposed to guide the newly recruited workforce in the organization on how to handle various day-to-day issues (Lachman, 2006). However, the workload is generally too huge to match the few nurses hence in most cases graduate nurses are left on their own to handle their problems. The environment itself poses great challenges since the graduate nurses are not able to handle daily problems due to the complexity and diversity of the problems. Alternative care Some patients do not necessarily require drugs for treatment (Daly et.al, 2005). In some instances, nurses find themselves in a dilemma as whether they should administer patients with substitute’s medicine such as vitamin because they feel that some of those medicines they give to the patients may compromise thei r health status. Confidentiality of the patient’s information Nurses are required to maintain top secret of the information they gather from their patients (Daly et.al, 2005). On contrary, they are required to share the details about patients with their colleagues so that they can be able to offer necessary assistance to the patients and save their lives. These results to complication regarding to the extent of information they are required to share and at the same time maintain patient’s details undisclosed. Failure to attend the patients The organization and the public expect nurses to handle various problems affecting patients (John, 2010). On contrary, some nurses may fear for their safety and refuse to attend patients suffering from certain diseases such as Aids and tuberculosis among others. However, in the recent past intensive training has increased health care givers boldness and they can effectively attend all patients without risking their lives. Relationshi p with their colleagues According to John, 2010), graduate nurses sometimes undergo short training period that barely acquaints them with appropriate knowledge to handle different issues at the work place. They may also experience a lot of oppositions from their colleagues. Therefore, the kind of work environment in which nurses are subjected to determines their performance and attitude towards that work. As nurses get used to their work, they are assigned different roles to perform in the organization.

Principles of Economics The Theory of Consumer Choice Essay

Principles of Economics The Theory of Consumer Choice - Essay Example Other factors being constant, the higher price for gasoline will limit my buying opportunities for other products and services. Alternatively, higher gasoline prices will affect the prices of other products and services. Higher prices of other products will further affect my overall consumption, since I will be able to purchase smaller quantities of all products and services within a budget constraint that is this will have an income effect on my consumption, which will take me to a lower indifference curve. Since gasoline is a supplementary product to cars, my choice of a car will be directly affected by the expectations for changes in gas prices and by the gas consumption of the cars. A car that gets 7 miles per gallon will spend more than 14 gallons per 100 miles. A car that gets 25 miles per gallon is thrice more economical, spending 4 gallons per 100 miles. At the higher gas price ($2.25) the price difference of gasoline expenditure is $32 compared to $9 per 100 miles for the more economical car. Provided my budget remains constant, it will be financially justified to prefer the car that gets 25 miles per gallon.

Causes and Effects of Debt and Recessions

Causes and Effects of Debt and Recessions The great Depression in parts of World As we mentioned before, the Great Depression mainly started in the United States, but the U.S. was not the only state that was affected by it. Other states around the world were also affected by the economic recession of 1930s. Herbert Hoover, the president of the United States during the years of the Great Depression, attempted to recover the country by establishing some internal and external policies. Hoover’s believe was that too much interference of the federal government would end America’s independence and self-determination. Hoover also created projects to increase the public works’ funding, but they only created jobs for a small part of the unemployed people. Then in October 1931, Hoover set up the National Credit Corporation (NCC) in an attempt to calm the money deficiency. However, this program failed because it didn’t satisfy the nation’s expectations. In 1932, Hoover was the one who requested that Congress set up the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to make mortgages to businesses but in the end it didn’t succeed. In 1932, Congress passed the Emergency Relief and Construction Act to support for a federal relief. Yet, this program couldn’t invert the collapse during the Great Depression. Because Hoover failed to recover the United States, social unrest and violence began to surface while the depression deepened. Unemployed workers, relief recipients, and unpaid schoolteachers piled up together and performed demonstrations to show their disappointment. Even though Hoover initiated some internal programs to help the recovery of economy, he was slow to respond to the depression. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff In 1932 Hoover signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. It increased the tariffs by 50%. The increase of the tariff with 50% will make the imported goods more expensive and the people will buy the nation’s goods which led to the increase of demand.-But the countries of Europe reacted with the increase of their tariffs which decreased the exports of USA ~ 70%. The war of trade impacted further the prices of agricultural goods which decreased more and then more farmers bankrupted. The tariffs damaged not only American farmers, but they damaged the German unstable economy too. Germany started to pay the reparation to France and UK based on the Versailles Treaty. UK and France decreased the payments to loans that they had from the banks of USA which further weakened the banks in USA. War debts at the end of World War I All European nations had to pay over $10 billion ($115 billion in 2002 dollars) to USA. The economies of Europe had been destroyed from the war, therefore they hadn’t the money to pay back of. While USA requested the money back from former allies, this enforced the requests of European Countries to Germany to pay the reparations based on the Versailles Treaty, but Germany could not pay these reparations. This situation worsened the crisis since Europe could not buy goods from the USA. The decline of world trade helped to bring the great depression. FDR New Deal Following the Social Unrest of 1932, the people had blamed Hoover for failing to recover the States from the Great Depression. When Franklin D. Roosevelt came to power on March 1933, many thought that he was strived to end the Great Depression completely. During his campaigns, he promised to help the poor farmers, unemployed people, and also the elderly. Other than declaring a bank holiday, Roosevelt had created a new program for the economic recovery called the New Deal, which aimed to help the jobless, to recover the the economy, and prevent another depression. Here is a list of the New Deal programs and their purposes: The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided jobs for the unemployed from age 17 to 29. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) helped by paying the states so they could give money and clothing for the unemployed people. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) paid farmers to stop growing specified crops, such as cotton, grain, tobacco, and corn. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) regulated wages, price control, and economic conditions in the industry. The Public Works Administration (PWA) made possible the construction of ports, schools, and aircraft carriers. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) employed many unskilled people to do public work projects. In 1934, FDR launched the Second New Deal which was more concentrated on increasing purchases and public social security. The Second New Deal programs dealt with reforming and also recovery. Some of Second New Deal programs and their purposes are listed below: The Social Security Act, sought to help the old people by setting up a pension system. The act also gave the States money to aid dependent children and people with disabilities. The National Labor Act, created a National Labor Relations Board for protecting the organized labor rights. The second AAA, established in 1928(verify 1928 apo 1938), was established for agriculture recovery to pay farmers for conservation methods, but only if they limited the necessary crop production. U.S. Housing Authority Act, established in 1937 in order to construct better house buildings by demolishing ghettos. Eventually, the New Deal that FDR launched couldn’t end the Great Depression since many agricultural problems were left unsolved. It is still dubious at how the Deal programs helped ending the depression. The Deal did, however, restore hope that was missing in the United States during the depression and also eased the hardships of its economy even though by the end of 1930s the country’s economy was still bad. The major change of USA Economy happened after the event of Pearl Harbor which noted the entry of USA in World War II. The people and industry of USA were in the functionality of war. The war’s weapons were needed urgently All the people worked for the war, the men trained to in order to be soldiers while the women worked in fabrics. There were the urgent needs for the Food for inside country and overseas at the war front. The entrance of the USA in World War II finished the Great Depression in the USA B. Worldwide Impact The Depression was followed by a global collapse of the industrial economy in Europe and the U.S., which also brought political and economic tension on every society. Furthermore, the depression brought a sequence of difficulties in the West and economic flaws in the world.As we mentioned, the starting of Great Depression is typically linked to the Crash of the stock market on October 29, 1929. However, in some countries it started by early 1928. In the same way, while the ending of Great Depression is related with the entrance of the USA to World War II in 1941, in different countries it finished at different times. The USA’s economy was growing in the middle of 1938 while many countries around the world were hurt by the Great Depression, those industrialized and also those that exported raw materials. Effects of Great Depression worldwide United States Most people see that the Great Depression had its starting point in the United States in 1933, when more than 15 million Americans were unemployed and the economic production decreased by almost 50%. Canada The Depression also hit Canada very hard, with the unemployed labor force 30%. The unemployment rate was less than 12% at the starting of World War Two. Australia Australia was affected hard too. The salaries dropped and the unemployment was 32% by 1931 Europe After World War II, most European countries owned a lot of money to American banks but the loans were so high and they couldn’t pay them. Since the American government didn’t accept the debt, Europe started borrowing money to pay back. However, as the economy of USA started to slow down, the European countries founded in difficulty where to borrow money. Further the United States had the high tariffs. European countries couldn’t sell the products in markets of USA. These countries started to have the failure to pay the loans. After the crash of stock market banks stayed afloat. They recalled their loans. While the money ran out of Europe and returned to USA, the European economies started to go down separately. The farmers throughout faced the food overproduction and the low price. The production of food had increased in the reply to needs of war. Many farmers bought the new equipment borrowing heavily, believing that the good market will continue to be higher. But the increase of production in Europe and the high imports from USA caused the decrease of the price, which made the payment of the debts very hard. The farmers leaved the rural areas. The international trade of Europe with USA decreased significantly during the depression period mainly due to the establishment by U.S government of Smoot-Hawley Tariff Policy in 1930 which applied 50% tariff to imported goods. The U.S government formed this policy in order to help and protect the companies of USA by increasing the demand for domestic goods. But, the charging with a high tariff of the goods from imports dropped the trade between USA and other foreign countries, including Europe, so created unemployment out of the country while the factories closed up. Kinderberger (1986) shows that during 1933 international trade decreased by 33% compared to the trade in 1929. France Despite being affected by the World War I, France wasn’t affected that much compared to the other European countries during the Great Depression, since it wasn’t dependent in trade. By 1930s, the country was characterized by high unemployment and political anxiety. Germany After the First World War, Germany was angry for losing their territory and paying war debts, while America provided loans in order to rebuild German economy. But, these loans stopped during the Depression causing the rising of unemployment and the development of extremism in the political system. In 1921, Germany made the first compensation payment and one year later they claimed that they wouldn’t be able to manage paying any longer. The reasons because German people put their faith in Hitler were because of their humiliation, the enormous debt, and the economic crisis after World War I. Nazi Germany, which boasted the economy and reached full employment, kept low level of wages while not harmonizing the allocation of investments and constantly growing its dependence from military production. Poland During the Great Depression, Poland, the newly independent country, experienced a quick and deep recession. The economy grew in the 1920s by attracting foreign wealth and loans. Then in 1929, a financial crash made the capital flow reduce and eventually the prices of agricultural products fell. The severe results of the economic collapse were social, being accompanied with high unemployment and low wages of agricultural workers. The total production of industry in 1932 was ~40% less than in 1928. But, the economy of Poland had developed by 1934 and increased past 19% in 1937. Because of this, the Polish government wanted to acquire capital in private and launched a strategy called the â€Å"Polish Etatism†. The strategy permitted the polish government to take control of the saving banks, the operation of foreign exchange, cartels and foreign trade. Additionally it influenced a huge investment program in public labor and the private actions. One projectthat was a great achievem ent was the Central Industrial District development in 1936, which was concentrated on the military, transportation, agricultural, industrialization, and urbanization improvement. Romania In Romania, the sector that was hit very hard was the agricultural one where the government earnings fell because of the decline of the agriculture products exports. By 1932, the taxes fell and the government began to aid the poor by forcing their repayment’s delay. However, during the depression, the government needed with any cost the fiscal balance so it was hard for it to intervene in the economy. During the first years, there wasn’t any understandable plan with the goal to fight depression, but instead to fight the most important problems. Furthermore, Romania had a huge problem with the foreign debt. Since European states couldn’t take loan to deal with their debts, import limits were increased and in 1932 the control on exchange was established. The industry of Romania managed to recover during the 1930s, however the most of people were too poor to impact the increase of consumption and demands, and in addition the developments in foreign markets could not help since they became protectionists as effect of Depression. Greece During the inter-war period, in Greece was present a strong belief in favor of financial independence and nationwide autonomy. Derilis and Costis (2006) claimed that this ideology could have been changed into an actual policy in 1932. The economy was focused more internally and was led by the state, which was to some degree a reaction to the other nations’ activities that broadly presented controls on trade and fees. High taxes, determinable restrictions and the use of mutual clearing agreements were broadly utilized. The state involvement in economic issues increased throughout the 1930s. The guideline of Greek Economy was now the greater independence using the inside resources and less dependence from the international economy. This tendency was noticeable in both industry and agriculture (Aldcroft, 2006). Yugoslavia In reality Yugoslavia was not hit particularly hard by the crisis, though the peasants faced the worst, being unable to pay and calling for the government action to relieve them of their debts. The government reduced taxes for the farming communities and eliminated debts for about 600, 000 small farmers. The government`s response to the crisis was under heavy French influence. The government tried to balance the budget and National Bank started promoting deflationary monetary policy, and imposed exchange control in 1931. Soon the government recognized the error of its economic policy and in 1933 started to pursue more expansionary fiscal policy, which soon turned deflation into inflation. The government was also spending money on public works, and was actively trying to influence the commercial banks to lower their interest rates. Comparing the Great Depression and the Economic Crisis of 2008 There have been a lot of comments and misconceptions about the comparison of the Great Depression and the Great Credit Crisis of 2008. Both of them were originated in US and then spread out the world. The Trade, capital flow and policies on prices of commodities were the factors which spread worldwide the Great Depression. Depending from their specifics and the above factors, different countries faced different effects. For example, France was almost passive, whiles some other countries, such as Japan, was affected and used largely the monetary and fiscal policies during that period. On the contrary, the Great Credit Crises was global, started in US and with bigger influence in US. It impacted the global world economy with even worse effects in other countries exports, production and equity prices decline. But in the similar way with the measures taken during the Great Depression, different countries reacted in different ways. Some countries applied more aggressive monetary and fiscal policies; some other applied less aggressive ones. Summary The crash of the stock market on October 1929 wan not the cause of Great Depression. It was a symptom. It was followed by the bank closing crisis which reduced largely the money flow in the country, drop of demands and production and increase of unemployment as well. The major causes of the depression were the wrong policies established by the Federal Reserve, wrong ration of investments in production vs. the salaries, overproduction in industry and agriculture, and inequality of wealth distribution. Other factors such as the needs for the reconstruction of economy, the needs for renovation of old industry and railway rods, massive people migration and natural ecologic disasters influenced badly the economy during the Great depression. The measures taken by the President Hoover administration in order to ease the effects of depressions were late and not sufficient while most of them failed. President Roosevelt administration applied several measures as part of so called New Deal Programs, which were effective, helped for easing and avoiding the effects of Great Depression but did not end it. These measures returned back the hope and confidence of investors and consumers, and combined with the increased production which served the demands of WWII, created the foundation for the US economy recovery and then for a rapid development of it after the war. The great depression was not only a local USA crisis; it was global and widespread in world. The impact of it was different for each country depending from their domestic economy specifics and dependency from the world economy. In some aspects, the Great Depression worldwide effects and reaction to them, joined by the weakness and confusion in the outside foreign policies were one of the causes which pushed the world into WWII.

The Contribution of Split-Brain Studies to Our Understanding of Brain F

Understanding brain functioning has been a complex phenomena in the field of Biopsychology yielding mountains of research, speculation and differing opinions amongst researchers. Obvious is that, which our brains are comprised up from two hemispheres, the right and the left (in Gazzaniga., 2002). With great scrutiny research has successfully demonstrated that the two hemispheres are highly specialized regions serving differing functions; a concept referred to as lateralization of function (in Passer, Smith, Holt, Bremner, Sutherland & Vliek 2009). For example, the left hemisphere is responsible for speech production whilst the right hemisphere deals with the comprehension of emotional responses. It is also the case that the right hemisphere governs the left side of the body and the left hemisphere governs the right side of the body with the brain displaying contralateral control (in Passer et al., 2009). A common misconception exhibited by most is that the brain acts as a whole, rat her the brain is performs on a unitary level with independent functions (in Pinel., 2009). Because the two cerebral hemispheres are known to communicate via the corpus callosum(in Pinel., 2009) researchers have been particularly intrigued with the idea of what happens when the communication between these hemispheres are disrupted. The corpus callosum is a bridge of nerve tissues in the brain which acts as a communication base (in Pinel., 2009). Damage to the corpus callosum results in a split brain, a situation where the neural connections in the brain are severed resulting in lost mental abilities. The consequences of these lost mental abilities can be demonstrated through a large number of split brain studies with the help two prominent researchers... ...e that the brain serves many different purposes rather than being a unit of its own and that hemispheric differences exist in the brain. With or without communication through the corpus callsoum, the two cerebal hemispheres are perfectly capable of functioning in an independent manner. Research aimed to understand the biological basis of hemispheric function has somewhat reached general consensus. However, individual variations must be acknowledged in split brain patients as cognitive abilities vary significantly. References: Gazzaniga, M. S. (2002). The split brain revisited. Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition).Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. New York. Pinel, J.P.J. (2009). Biopsychology (7th ed.). Allyn and Bacon. Pearson Education Limited.

Gender Studies: Mocking Jay

John J January 20, 2012 Gender Studies Mockingjay â€Å"Katniss will pick whoever she thinks she can’t survive without† (Collins 329). In this passage Gale and Peeta are talking to each other while Katniss over hears them. They are in the middle of their mission on capturing president Snow. They think that Katniss is asleep, while Gale says Katniss will pick whoever she thinks she can’t survive without. Katniss conforms to gender stereotypes by being confusing, indecisive, flirty and playing two different people.Katniss shows affection for both Gale and Peeta and confuses both of them throughout the novel on which one she actually loves. Stereotypically, women are confusing people that males can’t understand. This is mostly the case for Peeta getting sent many mixed messages which I think can be common IRL (In real life). Katniss is indecisive and plays both Gale and Peeta. Although judging by this quote Gale is basically saying she will choose Peeta, beca use Katniss says she can’t live without Peeta. Katniss follows gender stereotypes.Also I find that katniss is not really trying to be manipulative she is just indecisive she can both seem similar, just Katniss has no bad pretentions. Although I think both are stereotypes. Katniss is unsure throughout most of the series until it comes it to question saving someone or killing someone. Katniss never really knows what to do until for example, saving Prim or killing Snow. She never knows whether to fall for Gale or fall for Peeta. She does not know what to do in District Thirteen and does not know what to do in the games or choosing teammates for the games.

How to Distill Ethanol or Grain Alcohol

How to Distill Ethanol or Grain Alcohol Ethanol is also called ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. Its made from a fermented mixture of corn, yeast, sugar, and water. The resulting alcohol is 100 to 200 proof (200 proof is pure alcohol). In addition to use in the lab, ethanol is a popular fuel alternative and gasoline additive. Because it is flammable, ethanol can be prohibitively expensive to ship, so it may make sense to distill your own. Anyone can have a still, but be advised you may need to get a permit in order to make ethanol. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: 3 - 10 days, sometimes longer How-To Steps If you are starting with whole corn, you first need to convert the cornstarch into sugar by sprouting the corn. Place the corn in a container, cover it with warm water, and drape a cloth over the container to prevent contamination and conserve heat. Ideally, the container will have a slowly draining hole at the bottom. Add warm water from time to time as the liquid level falls. Maintain the setup ~3 days or until the corn has sprouts about 2 inches long.Allow the sprouted corn to dry. Then grind it into meal. Alternatively, start with cornmeal. Other grains can be prepared in much the same way (e.g. rye mash).Mash or mush is made by adding boiling water to the corn meal. The mash is kept warm to start the fermentation process. Yeast is added, if available (half pound yeast per 50 gallons of mash, for example), and sugar (variable recipe). With yeast, fermentation takes about 3 days. Without yeast, fermentation could require more than 10 days. The mash is ready to run once it stops bu bbling. The mash has been converted into carbonic acid and alcohol. It is called wash or beer or sour mash. The wash is placed into a cooker, which has a lid that is pasted shut so that it has a seal which can be blown off should internal pressure become too great. At the top of the cooker, there is a copper pipe or arm that projects to one side and tapers down from a 4-5 inch diameter to the same diameter as the worm (1 to 1-1/4 inch). The worm could be made by taking a 20 ft length of copper tubing, filling it with sand and stopping the ends, and then coiling it around a fence post.The sand prevents the tubing from kinking while being coiled. Once the worm is formed, the sand is flushed out of the tube. The worm is placed in a barrel and sealed to the end of the arm. The barrel is kept full of cold, running water, to condense the alcohol. Water runs in the top of the barrel and out an opening at the bottom. A fire is maintained under the cooker to vaporize the alcohol in the wash.The ethanol vaporizes at 173Â °F, which is the target temperature for the mixture. The spirit will rise to t he top of the cooker, enter the arm, and will be cooled to the condensation point in the worm. The resulting liquid is collected at the end of the worm, traditionally into glass jars. This fluid will be translucent, and about the color of dark beer. The very first liquid contains volatile oil contaminants in addition to alcohol. After that, liquid is collected. The containers of liquid collected from over the wash are called singlings. Liquid collected toward the end of this run is called low wine. Low wine can be collected and returned to the still to be cooked again. The initial collections are higher proof than those collected as the distillation progresses.The singlings tend to have impurities and require double-distillation, so once the low wine has been run to the point where a tablespoon or so thrown on a flame wont burn (too low proof), the heat is removed from the still and the cooker is cleaned out. The liquid remaining in the still, the backings or slop, can be recovered and poured over new grain (and sugar, water, and possibly malt) in a mash barrel for future distillations. Discard mash after no more than eight uses.The singlings are poured into the cooker and the still is returned to operation. The initial collecti ons can approach pure alcohol (200 proof), with the end collections, using the flash test on the flame, at about 10 proof. The desired proof depends on the application. The highest proof usually obtained from a still is 190 proof. For using alcohol as a fuel alternative, for example, addition purification with a sieve may be required to obtain 200 proof ethanol. Tips If you live in the United States, a permit may be required in order to legally distill ethanol.Stills traditionally were operated close to a water source, like a stream or river, because the cool water was used to condense the alcohol in the tubing (called the worm)Stills needed to have removable tops so that they wouldnt explode when pressure built up from heating the mash. What You Need 25 lb corn meal or 25 lb shelled whole corn100 lb sugar (sucrose)100 gallons water6 oz yeast

3 Unusual Ways To Create Exclusive Content That Attracts A Crowd

3 Unusual Ways To Create Exclusive Content That Attracts A Crowd While it might not be nice to exclude people, it can sure be handy in content marketing. Exclusive content is a strange beast. It goes against our natural inclination to make as much available to as many people all the time. Yet, if done right, exclusive content can be incredibly effective at getting your audience to take action. Why Exclusive Content Works How do you make people want something? Use exclusivity.  Only make a few available. Ask people to sign up and wait for an invite (like  Simple). Exclusivity works because, frankly, people like to be in on the secret.  Exclusivity makes people want something. If they cant have it, they want it all the more. If people cant have it, they want it all the more. #ExclusiveContentSome of us take a bit of pleasure when others are excluded (though wed rather not admit that). Wed rather be in the group than out of it, and if its a small group that not everyone can join even though they want to, we feel pretty good about ourselves when we get in. We feel special. Exclusivity also works for companies who offer their product to any customer who wants it, but on very specific terms. In this realm (think of Netflix and their show House of Cards, which they distribute exclusively), the product has to be excellent, people have to be able to find it, and you have to be able to keep people from spreading it beyond what you control (keep it exclusive). Exclusivity makes people want something, and it works in two ways: Not everyone gets in. This requires a product that is so good, so clever, so desirable, such a status symbol, that people are frantic to get in on it. Everyone gets in, but only through our channels. This requires a product that is excellent, people have to be able to find it easily enough, and you have to have a method for keeping control of how it spreads (think DRM). Exclusivity doesnt work if you only make 50 available and only one person wants it, anyway. There has be be demand for your product, whether its a real demand or one you conjure up through clever marketing and pushing the psychological buttons of your audience. Applying Exclusivity To Content Marketing The language you use in your copy can be exclusive, even if the item itself actually isnt exclusive. QuickSprout does an excellent job describing how exclusive language is a powerful way to convince people to do something in their (fantastic) Definitive Guide To Copywriting. Some of the phrases that motivate people to sign up are: exclusive offers become an insider be one of the few get it before everybody else be the first to hear about it only available to subscribers You get the idea. The words you use can instigate a little bit of panic, greed, or curiosity in a person so that they feel compelled to sign up. Though youre not actually limiting access (everyone who signs up gets it), the language you use to prompt people to sign up hints at feelings of exclusivity. But what about taking exclusivity beyond just the language we use in our copy? Could we create actual exclusive content? Should we try something like that? Heck yes. While your blog and social media are your content foundations, exclusivity is like a window that lets your audience feel like they got a peek at something special. 1. Limit The Availability Exclusivity often has a partner in crime, and thats scarcity. Scarcity uses words such as: limited offer supplies running out get them while they last sale ends soon today only only 10 available only 3 left only available here double the offer in the next hour only When there are fewer opportunities available, it necessarily creates exclusivity: the group that got a rare item are an exclusive group indeed. Buy it while you still can. Get it before its gone. Creating scarcity is a terrifying gamble. Content marketers are programmed to think that we need to get our content out as much as possible to as many as possible. Bigger audience! More traffic! More shares! Making our content scarce doesnt seem to fit that playbook. Can we make scarce content work? If we limit the amount available, wont we be shooting ourselves in the foot? Scarcity will work if: People actually want it. Youve either met a real need that no one has bothered to meet before, or you sold it well and convinced your audience they gotta have it. Maybe youve hinted and teased and tortured your customer, leading up to the product release where thousands of people line up to buy it (iPhone, anyone?) out of fear there wouldnt be enough. People actually know about it. Scarcity isnt scarce until there seem to be more people who want it than can have it. Enough people have to know about it to build the numbers. Its just scarce enough. You have to have enough maintain hope in those who want it that they will, eventually, have it. But you still must keep it scarce. This could be a slow drip in products offering a few at a time, or tantalizing build-ups to a product release. In the end, most people will get the item, but over time and in a way that makes it feel as if they were lucky to get it. True exclusivity is difficult with digital goods; you might only email out 100 newsletters, but anyone can forward them. Tying them to something tangible (everyone who signs up gets a free pony) has a certain appeal (Id skip the pony). But is the point that youre trying to limit who has access, or to make access seem special? It should be the latter.  Its about creating exclusivity in that moment when someone is deciding on whether or not to sign up for your email list. What might that look like? Be one of the few! Maybe you have an email newsletter where you only allow new subscriptions twice a year for short period of time. You dont care if people forward it (youd love them to do so). Youre just creating a forced scarcity.  There is a writers forum that opens up to a few new members only once a year for a day. Its a paid membership. I watch for the announcement every year, and I have yet to get in. Im obsessed with it, but probably wouldnt be as interested if I could join any time. For a limited time only! Make your ebook or autoresponder course available only for a limited time. Then its gone. Limited availability  supersedes  the need to carefully consider. Just do it now and decide later. Thats how we approach limited time. The bonus in all of this? Scarcity and exclusivity allow you to create events around availability. You can promote them on your blog, social media, the whole nine yards. Instead of sign up for our email list all the time, its for a limited time, were opening the doors for new subscribers! Promote it, hype it. Because its a bona fide event.

The massacre of the innocents by Francois Joseph Naves during Essay

The massacre of the innocents by Francois Joseph Naves during - Essay Example The picture has a hidden story and acts as a narrative of the whole massacre event. Firstly, the characters in the picture are in a sorrowful and worried mood. The painter has used the facial expressions to reveal sad moods that prevailed in the city after King Herod ordered the killing of all the male infants. It had happened after his appointment as King of the Jews. From the use of facial characteristics, one can also tell that the female gender suffered from most of the stress after the death of their children. The women and children are hiding from Herod’s soldiers while trying to keep the baby girls silent for their own safety. According to the background, it is because most of the men had either peacefully of forcefully joined Herod’s army after he became the king. From the window, one can also see the soldiers trying to struggle with women so that they would search the houses for male children. Joseph has also used the portrait to show that a prophecy from the O ld Testament had been fulfilled where Christian martyrs had to be executed. It also reveals the fear in the female children most of whom did not understand the whole occurrence. The work can be based on the Bible as the only source. The massacre has been highlighted in the Book of Mathew in the New Testament. He has also used knowledge from the book to reveal his characters in the painting. By analyzing the portrait, one can tell that Joseph was emotionally. Additionally, he also had a specific reason as to why he chose the massacre by King Herod. The physical positions of the characters represent what they were saying based on the Bible. From the portrait, one can tell that Elizabeth is the lay dressed in yellow because after hearing the news on the executions, she hid her child in an ox-stall. On close examination, one can tell that the painting has been worked on by an expert. The clarity of the cloth color and the texture

Euonymus alata - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Euonymus alata - - Essay Example long and have tapering tips. During the Autumn season the leaves of this plant turn a bright reddish color. It is also called the â€Å"winged euonymus† because most of these cultivars possess two t three corky flanges or wings that are present along the length of the branches. The branches which are lime green in color when the plant is young become ash gray as the plant grows older. The flowers are small and grow in Axillary pairs on ‘Y’ shaped stems. The flowering season for the Euonymus alata takes place between the months of late April to June. By September or October the flowers mature and turn into reddish – purple fruits that have four seeds inside. These seeds are dispersed by birds and also gravity. The Euonymus alata is an exceedingly tolerant plant and can withstand a lot of sunlight and thrives in poor soil conditions. Therefore this plant becomes quite a threat to grow in open environments. Seeds could be stored up to long periods and made use of much later as it possesses good longevity. For healthy growth the Euonymus alata could be treated with an application of herbicide. The Euonymus alata is also called the â€Å"burning bush† which is deciduous and grows to a height of about 20 ft. It thrives greatly throughout eastern United States and is a highly invasive plant. This plant is a native of Northeastern Asia and for the first time it was introduced to North Americans in the 1860’s for the purpose of using it as an ornamental plant. The leaves which are dark green in color are rounded, smooth and taper at the tips. This winged burning bush invades forests and also a wide variety of other habitats, fields, roadsides and side- walks. Once these plants are strongly established, they grow wildly and form dense thickets, covering the other plants and displacing other native flora in the area. Invasive plants grow at a much quicker rate and aggressively, spreading wildly and displacing other fauna in the same area around